|
Thomas Isidore Noël Sankara (21 December 1949 – 15 October 1987) was a Burkinabé military captain, Marxist revolutionary, pan-Africanist theorist, and President of Burkina Faso from 1983 to 1987.〔(Burkina Faso Salutes "Africa's Che" Thomas Sankara ) by Mathieu Bonkoungou, ''Reuters'', Oct 17 2007〕〔''Thomas Sankara Speaks: the Burkina Faso Revolution: 1983–87'', by Thomas Sankara, edited by Michel Prairie; Pathfinder, 2007, pg 11〕 Viewed by supporters as a charismatic and iconic figure of revolution, he is commonly referred to as "Africa's Che Guevara".〔〔(Thomas Sankara, Africa's Che Guevara ) by ''Radio Netherlands Worldwide'', October 15, 2007〕〔(Africa's Che Guevara ) by ''Sarah in Burkina Faso''〕 Sankara seized power in a 1983 popularly supported coup at the age of 33, with the goal of eliminating corruption and the dominance of the former French colonial power.〔〔 He immediately launched one of the most ambitious programmes for social and economic change ever attempted on the African continent.〔 To symbolize this new autonomy and rebirth, he renamed the country from the French colonial Upper Volta to Burkina Faso ("Land of Upright Man").〔 His foreign policies were centered on anti-imperialism, with his government eschewing all foreign aid, pushing for odious debt reduction, nationalizing all land and mineral wealth, and averting the power and influence of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and World Bank. His domestic policies were focused on preventing famine with agrarian self-sufficiency and land reform, prioritizing education with a nationwide literacy campaign, and promoting public health by vaccinating 2.5 million children against meningitis, yellow fever, and measles.〔(Commemorating Thomas Sankara ) by Farid Omar, ''Group for Research and Initiative for the Liberation of Africa'' (GRILA), November 28, 2007〕 Other components of his national agenda included planting over ten million trees to halt the growing desertification of the Sahel, doubling wheat production by redistributing land from feudal landlords to peasants, suspending rural poll taxes and domestic rents, and establishing an ambitious road and rail construction program to "tie the nation together".〔 On the localized level Sankara also called on every village to build a medical dispensary and had over 350 communities construct schools with their own labour. Moreover, his commitment to women's rights led him to outlaw female genital mutilation, forced marriages and polygamy, while appointing women to high governmental positions and encouraging them to work outside the home and stay in school even if pregnant.〔 In order to achieve this radical transformation of society, he increasingly exerted authoritarian control over the nation, eventually banning unions and a free press, which he believed could stand in the way of his plans.〔 To counter his opposition in towns and workplaces around the country, he also tried corrupt officials, "counter-revolutionaries" and "lazy workers" in Popular Revolutionary Tribunals.〔 Additionally, as an admirer of Fidel Castro's Cuban Revolution, Sankara set up Cuban-style Committees for the Defense of the Revolution (CDRs).〔 His revolutionary programs for African self-reliance made him an icon to many of Africa's poor.〔(''Thomas Sankara: The Upright Man'' ) by ''California Newsreel''〕 Sankara remained popular with most of his country's impoverished citizens. However his policies alienated and antagonised the vested interests of an array of groups, which included the small but powerful Burkinabé middle class, the tribal leaders whom he stripped of the long-held traditional right to forced labour and tribute payments, and France and its ally the Ivory Coast.〔〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=BBC NEWS - Africa - Burkina commemorates slain leader )〕 He was overthrown and assassinated in a ''coup d'état'' led by Blaise Compaoré on October 15, 1987. A week before his assassination, he declared: "While revolutionaries as individuals can be murdered, you cannot kill ideas."〔 ==Early life== Thomas Sankara was born in Yako, the son of Marguerite Sankara (died March 6, 2000) and Sambo Joseph Sankara (1919 – August 4, 2006), a gendarme.〔() ()〕 Born into a Roman Catholic family, "Thom'Sank" was a Silmi-Mossi, an ethnic group that originated with marriage between Mossi men and women of the pastoralist Fulani people. The Silmi-Mossi are among the least advantaged in the Mossi caste system. He attended primary school in Gaoua and high school in Bobo-Dioulasso, the country's second city. His father fought in the French army during World War II and was detained by the Nazis. Sankara's family wanted him to become a Catholic priest. As Burkina Faso has a large Muslim population, he was also familiar with the Qur'an. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Thomas Isidore Noël Sankara (21 December 1949 – 15 October 1987) was a Burkinabé military captain, Marxist revolutionary, pan-Africanist theorist, and President of Burkina Faso from 1983 to 1987.(Burkina Faso Salutes "Africa's Che" Thomas Sankara ) by Mathieu Bonkoungou, ''Reuters'', Oct 17 2007''Thomas Sankara Speaks: the Burkina Faso Revolution: 1983–87'', by Thomas Sankara, edited by Michel Prairie; Pathfinder, 2007, pg 11 Viewed by supporters as a charismatic and iconic figure of revolution, he is commonly referred to as "Africa's Che Guevara".(Thomas Sankara, Africa's Che Guevara ) by ''Radio Netherlands Worldwide'', October 15, 2007(Africa's Che Guevara ) by ''Sarah in Burkina Faso''Sankara seized power in a 1983 popularly supported coup at the age of 33, with the goal of eliminating corruption and the dominance of the former French colonial power. He immediately launched one of the most ambitious programmes for social and economic change ever attempted on the African continent. To symbolize this new autonomy and rebirth, he renamed the country from the French colonial Upper Volta to Burkina Faso ("Land of Upright Man"). His foreign policies were centered on anti-imperialism, with his government eschewing all foreign aid, pushing for odious debt reduction, nationalizing all land and mineral wealth, and averting the power and influence of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and World Bank. His domestic policies were focused on preventing famine with agrarian self-sufficiency and land reform, prioritizing education with a nationwide literacy campaign, and promoting public health by vaccinating 2.5 million children against meningitis, yellow fever, and measles.(Commemorating Thomas Sankara ) by Farid Omar, ''Group for Research and Initiative for the Liberation of Africa'' (GRILA), November 28, 2007 Other components of his national agenda included planting over ten million trees to halt the growing desertification of the Sahel, doubling wheat production by redistributing land from feudal landlords to peasants, suspending rural poll taxes and domestic rents, and establishing an ambitious road and rail construction program to "tie the nation together". On the localized level Sankara also called on every village to build a medical dispensary and had over 350 communities construct schools with their own labour. Moreover, his commitment to women's rights led him to outlaw female genital mutilation, forced marriages and polygamy, while appointing women to high governmental positions and encouraging them to work outside the home and stay in school even if pregnant.In order to achieve this radical transformation of society, he increasingly exerted authoritarian control over the nation, eventually banning unions and a free press, which he believed could stand in the way of his plans. To counter his opposition in towns and workplaces around the country, he also tried corrupt officials, "counter-revolutionaries" and "lazy workers" in Popular Revolutionary Tribunals. Additionally, as an admirer of Fidel Castro's Cuban Revolution, Sankara set up Cuban-style Committees for the Defense of the Revolution (CDRs).His revolutionary programs for African self-reliance made him an icon to many of Africa's poor.(''Thomas Sankara: The Upright Man'' ) by ''California Newsreel'' Sankara remained popular with most of his country's impoverished citizens. However his policies alienated and antagonised the vested interests of an array of groups, which included the small but powerful Burkinabé middle class, the tribal leaders whom he stripped of the long-held traditional right to forced labour and tribute payments, and France and its ally the Ivory Coast.(【引用サイトリンク】title=BBC NEWS - Africa - Burkina commemorates slain leader ) He was overthrown and assassinated in a ''coup d'état'' led by Blaise Compaoré on October 15, 1987. A week before his assassination, he declared: "While revolutionaries as individuals can be murdered, you cannot kill ideas."==Early life==Thomas Sankara was born in Yako, the son of Marguerite Sankara (died March 6, 2000) and Sambo Joseph Sankara (1919 – August 4, 2006), a gendarme.() ()Born into a Roman Catholic family, "Thom'Sank" was a Silmi-Mossi, an ethnic group that originated with marriage between Mossi men and women of the pastoralist Fulani people. The Silmi-Mossi are among the least advantaged in the Mossi caste system. He attended primary school in Gaoua and high school in Bobo-Dioulasso, the country's second city.His father fought in the French army during World War II and was detained by the Nazis. Sankara's family wanted him to become a Catholic priest. As Burkina Faso has a large Muslim population, he was also familiar with the Qur'an.」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|